Kuwunika Kukula kwa Ma Inki Otengera Madzi komanso Kuphunzira kwa Inks za Eco-Friendly Water-based Polyurethane Inks

Kuwonongeka kwa mpweya kwakhala vuto lalikulu kwa nthawi yayitali, ndi mpweya wapoizoni monga ma VOCs omwe amathandizira kwambiri pambali pa zochitika zachilengedwe monga mphepo yamkuntho. Pamene chidziwitso cha chitetezo cha chilengedwe chikukula ndi ndondomeko zosiyanasiyana za dziko zikugwiritsidwa ntchito, makampani osindikizira, omwe amatumiza VOC, akukumana ndi kusintha kosalephereka. Chifukwa chake, inki zosindikizira zokomera zachilengedwe zakhala malo ofunikira kwambiri pakufufuza zamakampani osindikizira padziko lonse lapansi. Pakati pa inki zomwe zilipo zogwiritsira ntchito zachilengedwe, kuphatikizapo inki zamadzi, inki zochizira mphamvu, ndi mafuta a masamba a masamba, inki zamadzi ndizo zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri. Ma inki okhala ndi madzi amakhala ndi gawo lochepa la zosungunulira za organic, kuchepetsa mpweya wa VOC ndikulumikizana ndi mfundo zoteteza chilengedwe. Komabe, inki zokhala ndi madzi zilinso ndi zovuta zina monga kuyanika pang'onopang'ono ndi nthawi yochiritsa komanso kusagwira bwino kwa madzi ndi alkali, zomwe zimalepheretsa kugwiritsa ntchito inki zamafakitale. Chifukwa chake, kukonza zofooka izi kudzera mukusintha utomoni kwakhala chinthu chofunikira kwambiri. Pepalali likufotokoza za kakulidwe ndi kagwiritsidwe ntchito ka inki zochokera m’madzi, kuphunzira za kusintha kwa utomoni, kupita patsogolo kwa kafukufuku wa inki zosindikizira pogwiritsa ntchito ma inki opangidwa ndi madzi otchedwa polyurethanes, komanso zimene zidzachitike m’tsogolo muno.

• Zoyeserera

1. Kupanga Ma Inks Otengera Madzi

Inki ndi mbiri yakale, zikutuluka pamodzi ndi kupangidwa kwa makina osindikizira. Pambuyo pa kukhazikitsidwa kwa Lithol Red Pigment mu 1900, inki zidafalikira, zomwe zidapangitsa mayiko kuyika ndalama zake pa kafukufuku wa inki. Ma inki okhala ndi madzi amachokera ku kufunikira kwakukulu kwa inki. Kafukufuku wa inki zamadzi anayamba kunja kwa zaka za m'ma 1960, makamaka pofuna kufulumizitsa mitengo yosindikizira ndi kuchepetsa kudalira zipangizo zopangira mafuta. Ma inki amenewa ankagwiritsa ntchito organic mankhwala monga benzenes ndi shellac kapena sodium lignosulfonate monga zipangizo zofunika kusindikiza pa nthawi. M'zaka za m'ma 1970, ofufuza adapanga utomoni wa emulsion wa polima wokhala ndi chigoba chapakati komanso mawonekedwe a netiweki pochita polymerizing ma acrylic monomers okhala ndi styrene, kusunga kuwala kwa inki ndi kukana madzi kwinaku akukwaniritsa zofunikira zachilengedwe. Komabe, pamene chidziwitso cha chilengedwe chinawonjezeka komanso malamulo okhwima a chilengedwe adakhazikitsidwa, chiwerengero cha ma inki opangidwa ndi benzene chinachepa. Pofika m'zaka za m'ma 1980, mayiko a Kumadzulo kwa Ulaya adayambitsa malingaliro ndi matekinoloje a "kusindikiza kwa inki yobiriwira" ndi "kusindikiza kwa inki yatsopano yamadzi."

Makampani a inki ku China adayamba kumapeto kwa Mzera wa Qing ndi kupanga ndalama, kudalira kwambiri inki zochokera kunja mpaka 1975, pomwe Tianjin Ink Factory ndi Gangu Ink Factory idapanga ndikupanga inki yoyamba yopangira madzi. Pofika m'zaka za m'ma 1990, dziko la China linali litaitanitsa mizere yosindikizira ya 100 flexo, kupititsa patsogolo kugwiritsa ntchito inki zamadzi. Mu 2003, China Industrial Technology Research Institute idapanga bwino zinthu zofananira, ndipo kumayambiriro kwa chaka cha 2004, Shanghai Meide Company idapanga inki yotengera madzi, yotsika kutentha yokumana ndi miyezo yaku Japan ndi Germany. Ngakhale kuti kafukufuku wa China pa inki zokhala ndi madzi adawona chitukuko chofulumira kumayambiriro kwa zaka za zana la 21, mayiko a Kumadzulo anali atakwanitsa kale kupita patsogolo: pafupifupi 95% ya mankhwala a flexo ndi 80% a gravure ku United States amagwiritsa ntchito inki zamadzi, pamene UK. ndipo Japan adatengera inki zamadzi zopangira chakudya ndi mankhwala. Poyerekeza, chitukuko cha China chinali pang'onopang'ono.

Pofuna kupititsa patsogolo msika, dziko la China linayambitsa inki yoyambira madzi mu Meyi 2007 ndipo mu 2011 idalimbikitsa "chitukuko chaukadaulo wobiriwira," ndicholinga chofuna kusintha inki zosungunulira ndi inki zamadzi. Mu 2016 "Mapulani a Zaka Zisanu za 13" pamakampani osindikizira, "kafukufuku wa zinthu zachilengedwe zochokera kumadzi" ndi "kusindikiza kobiriwira" zinali zofunikira kwambiri. Pofika mchaka cha 2020, kukwezedwa kwadziko lonse kwa zosindikizira zobiriwira ndi digito zidakulitsa msika wa inki wotengera madzi.

2. Kugwiritsa Ntchito Ma Inks Otengera Madzi

Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1900, United States inayamba kugwiritsa ntchito inki zokhala ndi madzi posindikiza flexo. Pofika m'zaka za m'ma 1970, inki zamtengo wapatali zopangira madzi zinali kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga mapepala osiyanasiyana, mashelufu a mabuku, ndi makatoni. M'zaka za m'ma 1980, inki zosindikizira zamadzi zonyezimira komanso za matte zidapangidwa kunja, kukulitsa ntchito zawo ku nsalu, mapepala, PVC, polystyrene, zojambulazo za aluminiyamu, ndi zitsulo. Pakali pano, chifukwa cha mawonekedwe awo ochezeka, osakhala ndi poizoni, komanso otetezeka, inki zamadzi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri posindikiza zakudya, monga kulongedza fodya ndi mabotolo a zakumwa. Pamene malamulo a chilengedwe akupita patsogolo, kugwiritsa ntchito inki zamadzi kumapitirizabe kusiyanasiyana ndi kuwonjezereka. China ikulimbikitsanso pang'onopang'ono kugwiritsa ntchito kwawo pantchito yosindikiza.

• Zotsatira ndi zokambirana

1. Kafukufuku pa Zosintha za Resin

Kuchita kwa inki kumakhudzidwa ndi kusiyana kwa utomoni. Nthawi zambiri, utomoni wa inki wokhala ndi madzi nthawi zambiri umakhala wa polyurethane, modified acrylic emulsions, kapena polyacrylic resins. Madzi opangidwa ndi polyurethane (WPU) resins, okhala ndi gloss wapamwamba kwambiri, amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri posindikiza ma CD. Chifukwa chake, kupititsa patsogolo magwiridwe antchito a WPU kuti apititse patsogolo inki yochokera kumadzi kuti ikhale yabwino komanso yowoneka bwino yakhala yofunika kwambiri pantchito yosindikiza.

2. Kusintha Ma Polyurethanes a Madzi

Ma polyurethanes opangidwa ndi madzi, opangidwa ndi ma polyols otsika kwambiri, amatha kugawidwa m'mitundu ya poliyesitala, polyether, ndi haibridi. Kutengera mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ma polima a polyester ndi polyether, mphamvu zawo komanso kukhazikika kwawo kumasiyana. Nthawi zambiri, ma polyether polyurethanes amakhala ndi mphamvu zochepa komanso osasunthika kuposa ma polyester polyurethanes koma amawonetsa kukana kutentha kwambiri ndipo sakonda kutsika kwa hydrolysis. Mwachitsanzo, kuwonjezera "kusasinthika" kwa inki pogwiritsa ntchito polyethylene glycol monomethyl ether kumawonjezera kulolerana kwake. Komabe, iyi ndi mfundo yolozera. Mabungwe osiyanasiyana ofufuza amatengera njira zosiyanasiyana zolimbikitsira mbali zina za WPU.

Mwachitsanzo, mu 2010, ma epoxy resins okhala ndi kulimba kwambiri komanso mphamvu zogwira ntchito adasankhidwa kuti athane ndi kukhuthala kwa inki ndi zovuta zomata, potero kulimbikitsa mphamvu ya inki. Mu 2006, kafukufuku wofalitsidwa ndi Beijing Chemical University adagwiritsa ntchito ethylene glycol-based polyurethane kupanga utomoni wapadera wokhala ndi gawo lalitali lofewa, kuwongolera kusinthasintha kwa inki komanso kulimbitsa inki yochokera m'madzi. Magulu ena amapeza zotsatira zosintha powonjezera zinthu zamankhwala: kuphatikiza silika kapena organosilicon kuti asinthe WPU, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti inki ikhale yolimba kwambiri. Carboxyl-terminated butadiene nitrile polyurethane imagwiritsidwa ntchito kupititsa patsogolo kupindika kwa inki ndi kukhuthala, kutengera malo ovuta kwambiri.

Chifukwa chake, ofufuza nthawi zambiri amasankha ma polyesters enieni kutengera katundu wa inki, kugwiritsa ntchito ma polyacids oyenera ndi ma polyols kuti apange ma polyester osagwira kutentha, kuyambitsa magulu a polar okhala ndi zomatira zolimba, kusankha zopangira zoyenera kuti zithandizire crystallinity ya polyurethane, ndikugwiritsa ntchito zolumikizira kuti zithandizire zomatira za WPU. chinyezi ndi kutentha kukana.

3. Kusintha kwa Kukaniza kwa Madzi

Popeza inki imagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pakuyika kwakunja ndipo nthawi zambiri imalumikizana ndi madzi, kusakanizidwa kwa madzi kungayambitse kuchepa kwa kuuma, gloss, ngakhalenso kupeta kwa inki kapena kuwonongeka, zomwe zimakhudza kwambiri kusungirako. Kupititsa patsogolo kukana kwamadzi kwa WPU kumawonjezera kusungirako kwa inki pogwiritsa ntchito ma polyols okhala ndi kukana madzi abwino ngati zida. Mwachitsanzo, kusintha WPU yokhala ndi ma acrylic monomers kapena kusintha zomwe zili mu epoxy resin kumathandizira kukana madzi a inki.

Kupatula kugwiritsa ntchito ma polima osamva madzi kwambiri kuti alowe m'malo mwa polyurethane yokhazikika, ofufuza nthawi zambiri amawonjezera zinthu zakuthupi kapena zakuthupi kuti akwaniritse zomwe akufuna. Mwachitsanzo, kuphatikiza silika wa nanoscale mu utomoni kumawonjezera kukana kwa madzi ndi mphamvu, njira yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga inki. "Njira ya emulsion copolymerization" imapanga PUA yophatikizika kuti ipititse patsogolo kukana kwa madzi, pomwe njira monga polyethylene glycol monomethyl etha kusinthidwa ndi kaphatikizidwe ka acetone ka organosilicon-modified WPU kumathandizira kukana madzi.

4. Kusintha kwa Kutentha Kwambiri Kwambiri

Nthawi zambiri, kukana kutentha kwa WPU kumakhala kofooka, kumachepetsa kukana kutentha kwa inki yotengera madzi. Ma polyether polyurethanes nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi kutentha kwambiri kuposa ma polyester polyurethanes chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa ma bond awiri. Kuonjezera ma polima autali wautali kapena benzene ring esters/ethers monga ma polymerization monomers kumathandizira kukana kutentha kwa polima ndipo, chifukwa chake, kukana kutentha kwa inki yotengera madzi. Kupatula kugwiritsa ntchito unyolo wautali wa polyether polyurethanes, magulu ena amagwiritsa ntchito zida zophatikizika kuti awonjezere zovuta komanso kukulitsa kukana kutentha. Mwachitsanzo, kuwonjezera nano tin oxide antimony ku WPU yopangidwa kuchokera ku DMPA, polyether 220, ndi IPDI imathandizira magawo a inki kuti azitha kutentha, kuwongolera kutentha kwambiri. Kuonjezera silica airgel ku polyurethane kumachepetsanso matenthedwe matenthedwe ndikuwonjezera kukana kutentha kwa inki.

5. Kukhazikika Kokhazikika

Kukhazikika kwa WPU kumakhudza kwambiri ntchito yosungiramo inki yochokera kumadzi. Kupatula kukana madzi ndi kutentha kwambiri, kulemera kwa maselo ndi kamangidwe kake ndizofunikira kwambiri. Utoto wa polyester nthawi zambiri umakhala wokhazikika kuposa utomoni wa polyether chifukwa cha zomangira zambiri za haidrojeni mu kapangidwe ka maselo. Kuonjezera zinthu za ester kuti zipange ma polyurethanes osakanikirana kumawonjezera kukhazikika, monga kugwiritsa ntchito isocyanate ndi silane dispersion kuti apange WPU yamagulu awiri omwe ali ndi kukhazikika komanso kukana abrasion. Kuchiza kutentha ndi kuziziritsa kungathenso kupanga zomangira zambiri za haidrojeni, kulimbitsa makonzedwe a maselo ndi kupititsa patsogolo kukhazikika kwa WPU ndi kusungirako inki yotengera madzi.

6. Kupititsa patsogolo Kumamatira

Ngakhale kukhathamiritsa kwa WPU kumathandizira kukana kwamadzi, kukana kutentha kwambiri, komanso kukhazikika, ma WPU amawonetsabe kusamata bwino kuzinthu zapulasitiki za polyethylene (PE) chifukwa cha kulemera kwa mamolekyulu ndi polarity. Nthawi zambiri, ma polarity ofanana ndi ma polima olemera a molekyulu kapena ma monomer amawonjezedwa kuti apititse patsogolo WPU ndikuwonjezera kumamatira kwa inki yochokera kumadzi kuzinthu zomwe sizili polar. Mwachitsanzo, co-polymerizing WPU yokhala ndi polyvinyl chloride-hydroxyethyl acrylate resin imathandizira kumamatira kwamadzi pakati pa inki ndi zokutira. Kuphatikizira utomoni wa acrylic polyester ku WPU kumapanga mawonekedwe apadera olumikizirana ndi maselo, kumathandizira kwambiri kumamatira kwa WPU. Komabe, njira izi zingakhudze katundu inki choyambirira monga gloss. Chifukwa chake, njira zamafakitale zimathandizira zida popanda kusintha zinthu kuti zithandizire kumamatira kwa inki, monga kutsegulira malo okhala ndi maelekitirodi kapena chithandizo chamoto kwakanthawi kochepa kuti muwonjezere kutsatsa.

• Mapeto

Pakalipano, inki zokhala ndi madzi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga zakudya, zopangira mankhwala, zochitira misonkhano, mabuku, ndi zokutira zina kapena ntchito zosindikizira. Komabe, zolepheretsa zawo zogwirira ntchito zimalepheretsa ntchito zambiri. Pamene chidziwitso cha chilengedwe ndi chitetezo chikukula ndi moyo wabwino, ma inki ogwiritsira ntchito madzi omwe amachepetsa mpweya wa VOC akulowa m'malo mwa inki zosungunulira, zomwe zikutsutsa misika ya inki yosungunulira.

M'nkhaniyi, kupititsa patsogolo ntchito ya inki posintha utomoni wamadzi, makamaka ma polyurethanes opangidwa ndi madzi, pogwiritsa ntchito njira zamakono monga nanotechnology ndi hybridization ya organic ndi inorganic compounds ndizofunikira kwambiri pa chitukuko cha inki m'madzi. Chifukwa chake, kafukufuku wowonjezera wokhudza kusintha kwa utomoni pakufunika kuti apititse patsogolo ntchito ya inki yochokera m'madzi kuti agwiritse ntchito kwambiri.