Gucukumbura Iterambere ryamazi ashingiye kumazi no Kwiga Ibidukikije-Byangiza Amazi Bishingiye kuri Polyurethane

Umwanda uhumanya ikirere umaze igihe kinini uhangayikishijwe cyane, n’ibyuka bihumanya ikirere nka VOC bigira uruhare runini hamwe nibintu bisanzwe nkumuyaga. Mu gihe ubukangurambaga bwo kurengera ibidukikije bugenda bwiyongera na politiki zitandukanye z’igihugu zishyirwa mu bikorwa, inganda zandika, n’ingenzi mu kohereza ibicuruzwa bya VOC, zahuye n’ivugurura byanze bikunze. Kubera iyo mpamvu, wino yangiza ibidukikije byangiza ibidukikije byahindutse ingingo yibanze mubushakashatsi bwinganda zo gucapa. Muri wino iboneka yangiza ibidukikije, harimo wino ishingiye kumazi, wino ishobora gukira ingufu, hamwe na wino ishingiye kumavuta yibimera, wino ishingiye kumazi niyo ikoreshwa cyane. Irangi rishingiye ku mazi ririmo igipimo gito cy’imyunyu ngugu, kugabanya imyuka ihumanya ikirere no guhuza n’amahame yo kurengera ibidukikije. Nyamara, wino ishingiye kumazi nayo ifite ibibi nko gukama buhoro no gukiza ibihe n'amazi mabi hamwe no kurwanya alkali, bikagabanya gukoreshwa muri wino gakondo. Rero, kunoza izo ntege nke binyuze muburyo bwo guhindura ibintu byabaye intego yibanze. Uru rupapuro rugaragaza iterambere nogukoresha wino ishingiye kumazi, ubushakashatsi bwibihinduka bya resin, iterambere mubushakashatsi bwerekeye gucapa wino ukoresheje polyurethanes ishingiye kumazi, hamwe nibizaza muri uru rwego.

• Ubushakashatsi

1. Gutezimbere Inkingi zishingiye kumazi

Inks ifite amateka maremare, agaragara hamwe no guhanga icapiro. Nyuma yo kwishyiriraho Lithol Red Pigment mu 1900, wino yarakwirakwiriye, bituma ibihugu bishora imari mubushakashatsi bwa wino. Irangi rishingiye kumazi ni inkomoko ituruka kubisabwa cyane kugirango wino ifatika. Ubushakashatsi kuri wino ishingiye ku mazi bwatangiye mu mahanga mu myaka ya za 1960, cyane cyane mu rwego rwo kwihutisha igipimo cyo gucapa no kugabanya gushingira ku bikoresho fatizo bishingiye kuri peteroli. Iyi wino yakoresheje ibinyabuzima nka benzène na shellac cyangwa sodium lignosulfonate nkibikoresho byingenzi kugirango bikemurwe icyo gihe. Mu myaka ya za 70, abashakashatsi bakoze polymer emulsion resin hamwe na core-shell hamwe nimiterere y'urusobekerane rwa polymerizing monomers acrylic hamwe na styrene, bagumana ububengerane bwa wino hamwe n’amazi birwanya ibidukikije. Icyakora, uko ubumenyi bw’ibidukikije bwiyongereye kandi hashyirwaho amategeko akomeye y’ibidukikije, umubare w’ibinyabuzima bishingiye kuri benzene muri wino wagabanutse. Mu myaka ya za 1980, ibihugu by’Uburayi bw’iburengerazuba byashyizeho imyumvire n’ikoranabuhanga byo "gucapa wino y'icyatsi" n "icapiro rishingiye ku mazi."

Inganda za wino mu Bushinwa zatangiye mu mpera z’ingoma ya Qing n’umusaruro w’ifaranga, zishingiye cyane kuri wino yatumijwe mu mahanga kugeza mu 1975, igihe uruganda rwa Tianjin Ink n’uruganda rwa Gangu Ink rwatezimbere kandi rukabyara irangi rya mbere ry’amazi yo mu ngo. Mu myaka ya za 90, Ubushinwa bwari bwatumije mu mahanga imirongo irenga 100 yo gucapa flexo icapa, biteza imbere byihuse ikoreshwa rya wino ishingiye ku mazi. Mu 2003, Ikigo cy’ubushakashatsi mu ikoranabuhanga mu Bushinwa cyateje imbere ibicuruzwa bifitanye isano, maze mu ntangiriro za 2004, Isosiyete ya Shanghai Meide ikora uruganda rushingiye ku mazi yuzuye, ubushyuhe buke bwo mu bwoko bwa termosetting wino yujuje ubuziranenge bw’Ubuyapani n’Ubudage. Nubwo ubushakashatsi bw’Ubushinwa kuri wino ishingiye ku mazi bwabonye iterambere ryihuse mu ntangiriro yikinyejana cya 21, ibihugu by’iburengerazuba byari bimaze gutera intambwe igaragara: hafi 95% y’ibicuruzwa bya flexo na 80% by’ibikurura imbaraga muri Amerika byakoresheje wino ishingiye ku mazi, mu gihe Ubwongereza n'Ubuyapani byafashe wino ishingiye ku mazi yo kurya no gupakira imiti. Ugereranije, iterambere ry'Ubushinwa ryatinze.

Mu rwego rwo kurushaho guteza imbere isoko, Ubushinwa bwashyizeho uburyo bwa mbere bushingiye ku mazi bushingiye ku mazi muri Gicurasi 2007 naho mu 2011 bushyigikira "iterambere ry’icyatsi kibisi", bugamije gusimbuza wino ishingiye ku musemburo hamwe na wino ishingiye ku mazi. Muri 2016 "Gahunda yimyaka 13 yimyaka 5" yinganda zicapiro, "ubushakashatsi kubikoresho bishingiye ku bidukikije bishingiye ku mazi" na "icapiro ry'icyatsi" nibyo byibandwaho. Muri 2020, kuzamura igihugu mu icapiro ry'icyatsi na digitale byaguye isoko rya wino rishingiye ku mazi.

2. Gukoresha Inkingi zishingiye kumazi

Mu ntangiriro z'ikinyejana cya 20, Amerika yabanje gukoresha wino ishingiye ku mazi mu icapiro rya flexo. Kugeza mu myaka ya za 70, wino nziza yo mu mazi yo mu rwego rwo hejuru yakoreshejwe cyane mu mpapuro zipakira, ububiko bwibitabo byimbitse, hamwe namakarito. Mu myaka ya za 1980, hacapishijwe irangi rya glitike na matte yerekana imashini ishingiye ku mazi yatejwe imbere mu mahanga, yagura imikoreshereze y’imyenda, impapuro, PVC, polystirene, ifu ya aluminium, n’ibyuma. Kugeza ubu, bitewe n’ibidukikije byangiza ibidukikije, bidafite uburozi, n’umutekano, wino ishingiye ku mazi ikoreshwa cyane cyane mu icapiro ry’ibiribwa, nko gupakira itabi n’amacupa y’ibinyobwa. Mugihe amategeko y’ibidukikije atera imbere, ikoreshwa rya wino rishingiye ku mazi rikomeje gutandukana no gukomera. Ubushinwa nabwo bugenda buteza imbere imikoreshereze yabyo mu icapiro.

• Ibisubizo n'ibiganiro

1. Ubushakashatsi ku Guhindura Resin

Imikorere ya wino iterwa na resin itandukanye. Mubisanzwe, amazi ashingiye kumazi asanzwe ni polyurethane, emulisiyo ya acrylic yahinduwe, cyangwa ibisigazwa bya polyacrylic. Amazi ashingiye kuri polyurethane (WPU), hamwe nuburabyo buhebuje, akoreshwa cyane mugucapisha. Rero, kuzamura imikorere ya WPU kugirango utezimbere amazi yangiza ibidukikije byangiza ibidukikije hamwe nuburabyo byabaye intego mubikorwa byo gucapa.

2. Guhindura Amazi ashingiye kuri Polyurethanes

Amazi ashingiye kuri polyurethanes, agizwe na polyole ifite uburemere buke, arashobora gushyirwa mubwoko bwa polyester, polyether, hamwe nubwoko bwa Hybrid. Ukurikije imiterere itandukanye ya polyester na polyether polymers, imbaraga zabo no gutuza biratandukanye. Mubisanzwe, polyurethanes polyether ifite imbaraga nke kandi zihamye kuruta polyester polyurethanes ariko ikagaragaza neza ubushyuhe bwo hejuru kandi ntibikunda hydrolysis. Kurugero, kongera wino "guhuza" ukoresheje polyethylene glycol monomethyl ether biteza imbere kwihanganira. Ariko, iyi ni ingingo yerekana gusa. Ibigo bitandukanye byubushakashatsi bifata uburyo butandukanye bwo kuzamura ibintu byihariye bya WPU.

Kurugero, mumwaka wa 2010, epoxy isubirana ubukana bwinshi nimbaraga zingaruka zatoranijwe kugirango zikemure ibibazo bya wino hamwe nibibazo bifatika, bityo byongere imbaraga za wino. Mu mwaka wa 2006, ubushakashatsi bwashyizwe ahagaragara na kaminuza y’imiti ya Beijing bwakoresheje polyurethane ishingiye kuri Ethylene glycol kugira ngo ikore resin idasanzwe ifite igice kirekire cyoroshye, itezimbere imiterere ya wino kandi ishimangira mu buryo butaziguye wino ishingiye ku mazi. Amakipe amwe agera kubisubizo byo guhindura yongeramo ibintu bya shimi: gushiramo silika cyangwa organosilicon kugirango utezimbere WPU, bikavamo imbaraga za wino zikomeye. Carboxyl-yarangiye butadiene nitrile polyurethane ikoreshwa mugutezimbere imikorere ya wino no kwiyegeranya, ihuza nibidukikije bigoye.

Niyo mpamvu, abashakashatsi mubisanzwe bahitamo polyester yihariye ishingiye kumiterere ya wino, bakoresheje polyacide ikwiye hamwe na polyoli kugirango bahuze polyester irwanya ubushyuhe, kumenyekanisha amatsinda ya polar hamwe no gufatana runini, guhitamo ibikoresho bibisi kugirango bitezimbere kristu ya polyurethane, no gukoresha ibikoresho bifatanyiriza hamwe kuzamura WPU. ubushuhe n'ubushyuhe.

3. Guhindura Kurwanya Amazi

Kubera ko wino ikoreshwa cyane mubipfunyika hanze kandi igahuza amazi kenshi, kutarwanya amazi birashobora gutuma kugabanuka gukomeye, kurabagirana, ndetse no gukuramo wino cyangwa kwangirika, bigira ingaruka cyane mubikorwa byububiko. Gutezimbere amazi ya WPU byongera imikorere yo kubika wino ukoresheje polyoli hamwe n’amazi meza arwanya ibikoresho. Kurugero, guhindura WPU hamwe na acrylic monomers cyangwa guhindura epoxy resin ibirimo bishobora kunoza amazi ya wino.

Usibye gukoresha polymers irwanya amazi menshi kugirango isimbuze polyurethane isanzwe, abashakashatsi bakunze kongeramo ibintu kama cyangwa kama kama kugirango bagere kubintu bifuza. Kurugero, kwinjiza silosike ya nanoscale muri resin byongera imbaraga zamazi nimbaraga, uburyo bukoreshwa cyane mugukora inkwa. "Emulsion copolymerisation" ikora PUA ikomatanya kugirango irusheho guhangana n’amazi, mugihe uburyo nka polyethylene glycol monomethyl ether ihindura hamwe na acetone synthesis ya organosilicon yahinduwe na WPU byongera imbaraga zo kurwanya amazi.

4. Guhindura Ubushyuhe bwo hejuru

Mubisanzwe, WPU irwanya ubushyuhe bwo hejuru irasa nkintege nke, igabanya ubukana bushingiye kumazi. Polyurethanes isanzwe ifite imbaraga zo guhangana nubushyuhe bwo hejuru kurusha polyester polyurethanes bitewe numubare wububiko bubiri. Ongeramo urunigi rurerure rwa polymers cyangwa benzene impeta ya esters / ethers nka polymerisation monomers itezimbere polymer irwanya ubushyuhe bwinshi, bityo, irwanya ubushyuhe bwa wino bushingiye kumazi. Usibye gukoresha urunigi rurerure polyetherthanes, amatsinda amwe akoresha ibikoresho byinshi kugirango yongere ibintu bigoye kandi yongere ubushyuhe bwo hejuru. Kurugero, kongeramo antimoni ya nano tin oxyde kuri WPU ikomatanya kuva DMPA, polyether 220, na IPDI ituma ibice bya wino bikurura ubushyuhe, bikarwanya ubushyuhe bwo hejuru. Ongeramo silika airgel kuri polyurethane nayo igabanya ubushyuhe bwumuriro kandi ikongerera ubushyuhe bwa wino.

5. Guhindura Ihamye

Ihungabana rya WPU rigira ingaruka zikomeye kubikorwa byo kubika wino. Usibye amazi hamwe nubushyuhe bwo hejuru, uburemere bwa molekuline nuburyo gahunda ni ngombwa. Ibisigarira bya polyester muri rusange birahagaze neza kuruta ibisigisigi byinshi kubera imigozi myinshi ya hydrogène mumiterere ya molekile. Ongeramo ibintu bya ester kugirango ubeho polyurethanes ivanze byongera ituze, nko gukoresha isocyanate na silane ikwirakwiza kugirango habeho ibice bibiri bigize WPU hamwe nogutezimbere no kurwanya abrasion. Kuvura ubushyuhe no gukonjesha birashobora kandi gushiraho imigozi myinshi ya hydrogène, gukaza umurego wa molekuline no kongera umutekano wa WPU hamwe nububiko bwa wino bushingiye kumazi.

6. Gutezimbere

Mugihe optimizasiyo ya WPU itezimbere kurwanya amazi, kurwanya ubushyuhe bwinshi, no gutuza, WPU iracyerekana ko idafatanye nabi nibicuruzwa bya plastike polyethylene (PE) kubera uburemere bwa molekile na polarite. Mubisanzwe, polarite isa na molekuline yuburemere polymers cyangwa monomers byongeweho kugirango bitezimbere WPU no kuzamura inkingi ishingiye kumazi kubikoresho bidafite inkingi. Kurugero, gufatanya na WPU hamwe na polyvinyl chloride-hydroxyethyl acrylate resin biteza imbere guhuza amazi hagati ya wino na kote. Ongeramo acrylic polyester resin muri WPU ikora imiterere yihariye ya molekile ihuza, ikazamura cyane WPU. Nyamara, ubu buryo bushobora kugira ingaruka kumiterere yumwimerere nka gloss. Kubwibyo, tekiniki yinganda ivura ibikoresho idahinduye imitungo kugirango itezimbere wino, nko gukora isura hamwe na electrode cyangwa kuvura umuriro mugihe gito kugirango wongere adsorption.

• Umwanzuro

Kugeza ubu, wino ishingiye kumazi ikoreshwa cyane mubipfunyika ibiryo, gupakira imiti, amahugurwa, ibitabo, nibindi bitwikiriye cyangwa ibikoresho byo gucapa. Ariko, imikorere yabo igarukira igabanya porogaramu yagutse. Uko ubukangurambaga bw’ibidukikije n’umutekano bugenda bwiyongera hamwe n’imibereho myiza y’imibereho, wino ishingiye ku bidukikije yangiza ibidukikije igabanya imyuka ihumanya ikirere iragenda isimbuza wino ishingiye ku musemburo, irwanya amasoko ya wino gakondo.

Ni muri urwo rwego, kuzamura imikorere ya wino uhindura ibisigazwa bishingiye ku mazi, cyane cyane polyurethanes ishingiye ku mazi, binyuze mu buryo bushya nka nanotehnologiya no kuvanga ibinyabuzima n’ibinyabuzima bidafite akamaro ni ngombwa mu iterambere ry’amazi ashingiye ku mazi. Kubwibyo, ubushakashatsi burambuye kubijyanye no guhindura resin burakenewe kugirango wongere amazi ashingiye kumazi kubikorwa byinshi.