Ukuphonononga uPhuhliso lwee-Inks eziSekelwe kuManzi kunye noFundo lwe-Eco-Friendly Water-based Polyurethane Inks

Ungcoliseko lomoya kudala luyinkxalabo enkulu, kunye nokukhutshwa kwerhasi eyityhefu efana nee-VOCs ibe negalelo elikhulu ecaleni kweziganeko zendalo ezifana nezaqhwithi zothuli. Njengoko ulwazi malunga nokukhuselwa kwendalo lukhula kwaye imigaqo-nkqubo yesizwe eyahlukeneyo iphunyezwa, ishishini lokushicilela, i-VOC emitter enkulu, lijongene nohlaziyo olungenakuthintelwa. Ngenxa yoko, ii-inki zokuprinta ezilungele i-eco-friendly ziye zaba yeyona nto iphambili kuphando lweshishini loshicilelo lwehlabathi. Phakathi kwee-inks ezifumanekayo ze-eco-friendly, eziquka i-inks ezisekelwe emanzini, i-energy-curable inki, kunye ne-oyile yemifuno esekelwe kwi-oyile, i-ink-based based inki isetyenziswa kakhulu. Iinki ezisekelwe emanzini ziqulethe umlinganiselo ophantsi we-solvents eziphilayo, ukunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwe-VOC kunye nokulungelelanisa nemigaqo yokukhusela indalo. Nangona kunjalo, ii-inki ezisekelwe emanzini zikwanazo iingxaki ezifana nokomisa kancinane kunye namaxesha okunyanga kunye namanzi amabi kunye nokumelana ne-alkali, ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwazo kwii-inki zemveli zemizi-mveliso. Ke ngoko, ukuphucula obu buthathaka ngokuguqulwa kwe-resin kube yinto ekugxilwe kuyo kakhulu. Eli phepha lichaza uphuhliso kunye nokusetyenziswa kweenki ezisekelwe emanzini, ukufundwa kokuguqulwa kwe-resin, inkqubela phambili yophando kwiinki zokushicilela usebenzisa i-polyurethanes yamanzi, kunye nethemba elizayo kule ntsimi.

• Uvavanyo

1. Ukuphuhliswa kwee-Inks ezisekelwe emanzini

Ii-inks zinembali ende, zivela ecaleni kokuveliswa koshicilelo. Emva kokuqaliswa kweLithol Red Pigment ngo-1900, ii-inki ziye zasasazeka, nto leyo eyabangela ukuba amazwe atyale imali kuphando lwe-inki. Ii-inki ezisekelwe emanzini zivela kwiimfuno eziphezulu zokusebenziseka kwe-inki. Uphando kwii-inki ezisekwe emanzini lwaqala kumazwe aphesheya ngeminyaka yoo-1960, ikakhulu ukukhawulezisa amaxabiso oshicilelo kunye nokunciphisa ukuthembela kwimathiriyeli ekrwada esekwe kwipetroleum. Ezi inki zisebenzisa i-organic compounds njenge-benzenes kunye ne-shellac okanye i-sodium lignosulfonate njengezinto eziphambili zokuhlangabezana neemfuno zokushicilela ngelo xesha. Ngama-1970, abaphandi bavelisa i-polymer emulsion resin ene-core-shell kunye nesakhiwo sothungelwano nge-polymerizing acrylic monomers nge-styrene, ukugcina i-gloss ye-inki kunye nokumelana namanzi ngelixa ihlangabezana neemfuno zokusingqongileyo. Nangona kunjalo, njengoko ulwazi lokusingqongileyo lusanda kwaye imithetho engqongqo yokusingqongileyo yenziwa, umlinganiselo we-benzene-based organics kwii-inki wehla. Ngeminyaka yee-1980, amazwe aseNtshona Yurophu azisa iikhonsepthi kunye nobuchwepheshe boshicilelo lwe-inki eluhlaza kunye "noshicilelo lweinki entsha esekwe emanzini."

Ishishini le-inki laseTshayina laqala ekupheleni koLawulo lweQing ngokuveliswa kwemali, luxhomekeke kakhulu kwii-inki ezisuka kumazwe angaphandle de kwangowe-1975, xa i-Tianjin Ink Factory kunye neGangu Ink Factory yaphuhliswa yaza yavelisa inki yokuqala ye-inki yasekhaya esekwe emanzini. Ngeminyaka yee-1990, i-China yayingenise ngaphezu kwe-100 imigca yokuvelisa i-flexo yokushicilela, iqhubela phambili ngokukhawuleza ukusetyenziswa kweenki ezisekelwe emanzini. Ngo-2003, iChina Industrial Technology Research Institute yaphuhlisa ngempumelelo iimveliso eziyeleleneyo, kwaye ekuqaleni kuka-2004, iShanghai Meide Company yavelisa i-inki esekwe ngokupheleleyo, yobushushu obuphantsi kwe-thermosetting edibana nemigangatho yaseJapan neJamani. Nangona uphando lwaseChina kwiinki ezisekelwe emanzini zabona uphuhliso olukhawulezayo ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane ye-21, amazwe aseNtshona sele ephumelele inkqubela phambili: malunga ne-95% yeemveliso ze-flexo kunye ne-80% yeemveliso ze-gravure e-United States zasebenzisa iinki ezisekelwe emanzini, ngelixa i-UK. kunye neJapan yamkele i-inki esekwe emanzini ekutyeni nasekupakisheni amayeza. Ngokuthelekisa, uphuhliso lwaseTshayina lwalucotha.

Ukuqhubela phambili ukukhuthaza imarike, i-China yazisa umgangatho wokuqala we-inki esekwe emanzini ngoMeyi ka-2007 kwaye ngo-2011 yakhuthaza "uphuhliso lohlaza oluhlaza," ijolise ekutshintsheni i-inki esekwe kwi-solvent ngee-inki ezisekelwe emanzini. Kwi-2016 "iSicwangciso seMinyaka emiHlanu ye-13" kwishishini lokushicilela, "uphando malunga nezixhobo zokusingqongileyo ezisekelwe emanzini" kunye "noshicilelo oluluhlaza" lwalugxininise kakhulu. Ngo-2020, ukukhuthazwa kuzwelonke koshicilelo oluluhlaza kunye nedijithali kwandise imarike ye-inki esekwe emanzini.

2. Ukusetyenziswa kwee-Inks ezisekelwe emanzini

Ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane ye-20, iUnited States yaqala ukusebenzisa ii-inki ezisekelwe emanzini kwi-flexo printing. Ngeminyaka yoo-1970, ii-inki zegravure ezikumgangatho ophezulu ezisekwe emanzini zazisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kumaphepha ohlukeneyo okupakisha, iishelufu zeencwadi ezishinyeneyo, kunye nekhadibhodi. Ngeminyaka yoo-1980, ushicilelo olucwebezelayo kunye ne-matte isikrini sokuprinta ii-inki ezisekelwe emanzini zaphuhliswa ngaphandle, zandisa ukusetyenziswa kwazo kumalaphu, iphepha, i-PVC, i-polystyrene, i-aluminium foil, kunye neentsimbi. Okwangoku, ngenxa yeempawu zabo ze-eco-friendly, non-toxic, kunye nezikhuselekileyo, ii-inki ezisekelwe emanzini zisetyenziswa kakhulu ekuprintweni kokupakisha ukutya, okufana nokupakishwa kwecuba kunye neebhotile zesiselo. Njengoko imithetho yokusingqongileyo iphucuka, ukusetyenziswa kwee-inki ezisekelwe emanzini kuyaqhubeka ukuhlukahluka kunye nokuqinisa. Kwakhona iTshayina ikhuthaza ngokuqhubekayo ukusetyenziswa kwazo kushishino lokushicilela.

• Iziphumo neengxoxo

1. Uphando malunga nokuguqulwa kweResin

Ukusebenza kwe-inki kuphenjelelwa ngumahluko we-resin. Ngokuqhelekileyo, i-resins ye-inki esekwe emanzini ngokuqhelekileyo i-polyurethane, i-emulsions ye-acrylic eguquliwe, okanye i-polyacrylic resins. I-polyurethane yamanzi esekelwe emanzini (WPU) i-resin, ene-gloss ephezulu, isetyenziselwa ngokubanzi ukupakisha ukuprinta. Ngaloo ndlela, ukuphucula ukusebenza kweWPU ukuphucula i-inki esekwe emanzini kwindalo kunye neglosi ibe yinto ekugxilwe kuyo kwishishini lokushicilela.

2. Ukulungiswa kweePolyurethanes ezisekelwe emanzini

I-polyurethanes esekelwe emanzini, eyenziwe nge-polyols ephantsi-molekyuli enobunzima, ingahlelwa kwiintlobo ze-polyester, i-polyether, kunye ne-hybrid. Ngokusekelwe kwiipropati ezahlukeneyo ze-polyester kunye ne-polyether polymers, amandla abo kunye nokuzinza kuyahluka. Ngokubanzi, iipolyether polyurethanes zinamandla asezantsi kunye nozinzo kunepolyester polyurethanes kodwa zibonisa ukumelana nobushushu obuphezulu kwaye azithandeki kangako kwi-hydrolysis. Umzekelo, ukwandisa i-inki "yokuhambelana" ngokusebenzisa i-polyethylene glycol monomethyl ether iphucula iimpawu zayo zokunyamezela. Nangona kunjalo, oku kuphela inqaku lokubhekisela. Amaziko ophando awohlukeneyo asebenzisa iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokuphucula imiba ethile yeWPU.

Umzekelo, ngo-2010, iiresin ze-epoxy ezinokuqina okuphezulu kunye namandla empembelelo zakhethwa ukujongana ne-viscosity ye-inki kunye nemiba yokunamathela, ngaloo ndlela iphucula amandla e-inki. Ngo-2006, uphando olupapashwe yiYunivesithi yaseBeijing yeMichiza yasebenzisa i-ethylene glycol-based polyurethane ukwenza i-resin ekhethekileyo kunye necandelo elide elithambileyo, ukuphucula ukuguquguquka kwe-inki kunye nokuqinisa ngokungathanga ngqo inki esekelwe emanzini. Amanye amaqela afumana iziphumo zokuguqulwa ngokongeza izinto zekhemikhali: ukubandakanya i-silica okanye i-organosilicon ukuphucula i-WPU, okukhokelela ekuphuculweni kokuqina kokuqina kwe-inki. I-Carboxyl-terinated butadiene nitrile polyurethane isetyenziselwa ukuphucula ukusebenza kwe-inki yokugoba kunye ne-viscosity, ukuziqhelanisa neendawo eziyinkimbinkimbi.

Ke ngoko, abaphandi bahlala bekhetha iipolyester ezithile ezisekwe kwipropathi ye-inki, besebenzisa iipolyacids ezifanelekileyo kunye neepolyols ukudibanisa iipolyester ezinganyangekiyo kubushushu, ukwazisa amaqela e-polar ancamathele kakhulu, ukukhetha izixhobo ezifanelekileyo zokuphucula ubucwebe be-polyurethane, kunye nokusebenzisa iiarhente zokudityaniswa ukomeleza i-WPU yokuncamathelisa. ukufuma kunye nokumelana nobushushu.

3. Ukuguqulwa kokumelana naManzi

Ekubeni i-inki isetyenziselwa ukupakishwa kwangaphandle kwaye ihlala idibanisa namanzi, ukunganyangeki kwamanzi kungakhokelela ekunciphiseni ubulukhuni, ukucwebezela, kunye nokukhupha i-inki okanye umonakalo, okuchaphazela kakhulu ukusebenza kokugcinwa. Ukuphucula ukunganyangeki kwamanzi e-WPU kwandisa ukusebenza kokugcinwa kwe-inki ngokusebenzisa iipolyols ezinokumelana kakuhle kwamanzi njengezinto eziphathekayo. Ngokomzekelo, ukuguqula iWPU nge-acrylic monomers okanye ukulungelelanisa umxholo we-epoxy resin kunokuphucula ukuxhathisa kwamanzi e-inki.

Ngaphandle kokusebenzisa iipolymers ezikwazi ukumelana namanzi ukuze zithathe indawo ye-polyurethane eqhelekileyo, abaphandi bahlala besongeza izinto eziphilayo okanye ezingaphiliyo ukuze bafezekise umphumo oyifunayo. Ngokomzekelo, ukubandakanya i-nanoscale silica kwi-resin kwandisa ukuxhathisa kwamanzi kunye namandla, indlela esetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwimveliso ye-inki. "Indlela ye-emulsion copolymerization" yenza i-PUA edibeneyo yokuphucula ukuxhathisa kwamanzi, ngelixa iindlela ezifana ne-polyethylene glycol monomethyl ether ukuguqulwa kunye ne-acetone synthesis ye-organosilicon-modified WPU iphucula ukuxhathisa kwamanzi.

4. Ukuguqulwa koKuchasa okuPhakamileyo

Ngokubanzi, uxhathiso lobushushu obuphezulu lweWPU lubuthathaka, lunciphisa ukuxhathisa ubushushu be-inki esekwe emanzini. Iipolyether polyurethanes ziqhele ukuba nokumelana nobushushu obuphezulu kunepolyester polyurethanes ngenxa yenani leebhondi eziphindiweyo. Ukongeza iipolymers ezinde okanye i-benzene ring esters/ethers njengepolymerization monomers kuphucula ukumelana nobushushu obuphezulu bepolymer kwaye, ngenxa yoko, ukumelana nobushushu be-inki esekwe emanzini. Ngaphandle kokusebenzisa i-polyether polyurethanes yomxokelelwane omde, amanye amaqela asebenzisa imathiriyeli edibeneyo ukunyusa ukuntsonkotha kunye nokwandisa ukumelana nobushushu obuphezulu. Umzekelo, ukongeza i-nano tin oxide antimony kwiWPU eyenziwe kwi-DMPA, i-polyether 220, kunye ne-IPDI yenza ukuba iileya ze-inki zifunxe ubushushu, ziphucule ukumelana nobushushu obuphezulu. Ukongeza i-silica airgel kwi-polyurethane kwakhona kunciphisa ukuhanjiswa kwe-thermal kunye nokwandisa ukumelana nobushushu be-inki.

5. Uzinzo Ukuguqulwa

Ukuzinza kwe-WPU kuchaphazela kakhulu ukusebenza kwe-inki yokugcina amanzi. Ngaphandle kwamanzi kunye nokumelana nobushushu obuphezulu, ubunzima bemolekyuli kunye nokwakheka kwesakhiwo kubalulekile. Iireyini zePolyester zizinzile ngokubanzi kunentlaka yepolyether ngenxa yeebhondi ezininzi ze-hydrogen kwisakhiwo semolekyuli. Ukongeza izinto ze-ester ukwenza i-polyurethanes exubeneyo kwandisa uzinzo, njengokusebenzisa i-isocyanate kunye ne-silane dispersion ukwenza i-WPU ye-dual-component kunye nokuzinza okuphuculweyo kunye nokuxhathisa i-abrasion. Ukunyangwa kobushushu kunye nokupholisa kunokudala iibhondi ezininzi ze-hydrogen, ukuqiniswa kwelungiselelo le-molecular kunye nokuphucula ukuzinza kwe-WPU kunye nokusebenza kwe-inki yokugcina amanzi.

6. Ukuphuculwa kokuncamathela

Ngelixa ukulungiswa kweWPU kuphucula ukuxhathisa kwamanzi, ukumelana nobushushu obuphezulu, kunye nokuzinza, ii-WPU zisabonisa ukunamathela okungahambi kakuhle kwiimveliso zeplastiki ze-polyethylene (PE) ngenxa yobunzima be-molecular kunye ne-polarity. Ngokuqhelekileyo, i-polarity efanayo kunye ne-molecular weight polymers okanye ii-monomers zongezwa ukuphucula i-WPU kunye nokuphucula ukunamathela kwe-inki esekelwe emanzini kwizinto ezingekho phantsi kwe-polar. Ngokomzekelo, i-WPU ye-polymerizing kunye ne-polyvinyl chloride-hydroxyethyl acrylate resin iphucula ukunamathela kwamanzi phakathi kweenki kunye neengubo. Ukongeza i-acrylic polyester resin kwiWPU yenza ulwakhiwo olulodwa lwe-molecular link, luphucula kakhulu ukunamathela kweWPU. Nangona kunjalo, ezi ndlela zinokuchaphazela iipropati ze-inki yokuqala njengeglosi. Ke ngoko, ubugcisa bemizi-mveliso buphatha izixhobo ngaphandle kokuguqula iipropathi zokuphucula ukunamathela kwe-inki, njengokuvula indawo ene-electrode okanye unyango lwexesha elifutshane lomlilo ukunyusa i-adsorption.

• Ukuqukumbela

Okwangoku, ii-inki ezisekelwe emanzini zisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwipakethe yokutya, ukupakishwa kwamayeza, iindibano zocweyo, iincwadi, kunye nezinye izinto zokugquma okanye ukushicilela. Nangona kunjalo, imida yabo yendalo yokusebenza ithintela usetyenziso olubanzi. Njengoko ulwazi lokusingqongileyo kunye nokhuseleko lukhula kunye nemigangatho yokuphila ephuculweyo, i-inki ezisekelwe kumanzi-eco-friendly ezinciphisa ukukhutshwa kwe-VOC ziya zithatha indawo ye-inks ezisekelwe kwi-solvent, umngeni kwiimarike ze-inki ezisekelwe kwi-solvent.

Kulo mxholo, ukuphucula ukusebenza kwe-inki ngokuguqula i-resins esekelwe emanzini, ngakumbi i-polyurethanes esekelwe emanzini, ngokusebenzisa iindlela ezintsha ezifana ne-nanotechnology kunye ne-hybridization ye-organic and inorganic compounds ibalulekile kuphuhliso lwe-inki olusekelwe emanzini kwixesha elizayo. Ke ngoko, uphando olubanzi malunga nohlengahlengiso lweresin luyafuneka ukomeleza ukusebenza kwe-inki esekwe emanzini kusetyenziso olubanzi.