IMeko yangoku kunye neNdlela yoPhuhliso yoShishino lwe-Inki olusekwe ngaManzi eTshayina

Isishwankathelo se-Ink esekwe emanzini

I-inki esekwe emanzini, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-inki yamanzi okanye i-inki enamanzi, luhlobo lwemathiriyeli yokushicilela esebenzisa amanzi njengesona sinyibilikisi siphambili. Ifomyula yayo ibandakanya ii-resin ezinyibilikayo zamanzi, ii-pigments ze-organic non-toxic, izongezo zokuguqula ukusebenza, kunye ne-solvents, zonke ziphantsi ngokucophelela kwaye zixutywe. Inzuzo ephambili ye-inki esekwe emanzini ixhomekeke kubume bayo bendalo: iphelisa ukusetyenziswa kwezinyibilikisi ezinobuthi ezinobuthi ezinobuthi, iqinisekisa ukuba akukho sisongelo sempilo kubaqhubi ngexesha lenkqubo yoshicilelo kwaye akukho ngcoliseko lomoya. Ukongeza, ngenxa yobume bayo obungatshayo, isusa imingcipheko enokubakho yomlilo kunye noqhushumbo kwiindawo zoshicilelo, okomeleza kakhulu ukhuseleko lwemveliso. Iimveliso eziprintiweyo nge-inki esekwe emanzini azinazinto ezinobuthi ezishiyekileyo, zifezekisa ukhuseleko olupheleleyo lokusingqongileyo ukusuka kumthombo ukuya kwimveliso egqityiweyo. I-inki esekwe emanzini ilungele ukupakishwa koshicilelo olunemigangatho ephezulu yococeko, njengecuba, utywala, ukutya, iziselo, amayeza, kunye nezinto zokudlala zabantwana. Inika uzinzo oluphezulu lombala, ukuqaqamba okugqwesileyo, amandla ombala aqinileyo ngaphandle kokonakalisa iipleyiti zoshicilelo, ukuncamathela okuhle kwasemva koshicilelo, isantya esinokomiswa esinokulungiswa ukuhlangabezana neemfuno ezahlukeneyo, kunye nokumelana okugqwesileyo kwamanzi, kuyenza ilungele zombini inkqubo yoshicilelo lwemibala emine kunye noshicilelo lwebala lebala. . Ngenxa yezi nzuzo, i-inki esekwe emanzini isetyenziswa kakhulu kumazwe angaphandle. Nangona uphuhliso lwe-China kunye nokusetyenziswa kwe-inki esekwe emanzini yaqala kamva, ihambele phambili ngokukhawuleza. Ngokunyuka kwemfuno yentengiso, umgangatho we-inki esekwe emanzini asekhaya uyaqhubeka nokuphucuka, ukoyisa imiceli mngeni yangaphambili efana namaxesha amade okomisa, isicwebezelisi esingonelanga, ukunganyangeki kwamanzi, kunye neziphumo zokushicilela. Okwangoku, i-inki esekwe emanzini asekhaya iyasandisa kancinane isabelo sayo semarike ngenxa yokuphucula umgangatho wemveliso kunye nokhuphiswano, ifumana ukuthandwa ngabasebenzisi ngokubanzi kunye nokufumana indawo yentengiso ezinzileyo.

Ukuhlelwa kwe-Ink esekwe emanzini

I-inki esekwe emanzini inokohlulwa ubukhulu becala ibe ziindidi ezintathu: i-inki enyibilikayo emanzini, i-alkaline-enyibilikayo, kunye ne-inki echithwayo. I-inki e-soluble yamanzi isebenzisa i-resin e-soluble water njenge-carrier, ukunyibilikisa i-inki emanzini; I-inki ene-alkaline e-soluble isebenzisa i-alkaline-soluble resins, efuna izinto ze-alkaline ukunyibilikisa inki; I-inki echithwayo yenza ukumiswa okuzinzileyo ngokusasaza amasuntswana e-pigment emanzini.

Imbali yoPhuhliso lwe-Ink esekwe emanzini

Uphuhliso lwe-inki esekelwe emanzini lunokulandelwa emva kwenkulungwane yama-20 xa ukunyuka kolwazi lokusingqongileyo kunye neenkxalabo malunga nefuthe lokusingqongileyo kwee-inki ezinyibilikayo ezikhokelela kuphando kunye nokusetyenziswa kwe-inki enyibilikayo emanzini. Ukungena kwinkulungwane yama-21, kunye nemithetho engqongqo yokusingqongileyo yehlabathi, ishishini le-inki elisekelwe emanzini liphuhliswe ngokukhawuleza. Ekuqaleni koo-2000, iintlobo ezintsha zeenki ezisekwe emanzini njenge-inki enyibilikayo yealkaline kunye ne-inki echithwayo zaqala ukuvela, ngokuthe ngcembe zithatha indawo yesabelo semarike yee-inki zemveli ezisekwe kwi-solvent. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, kunye nengqikelelo enzulu yoshicilelo oluluhlaza kunye nenkqubela phambili yezobuchwepheshe, ukusebenza kwe-inki esekwe emanzini kuye kwaphucuka ngokuqhubekayo, imimandla yokusetyenziswa kwayo iye yanda, kwaye iye yaba lukhokelo lophuhliso olubalulekileyo kushishino lokushicilela.

Ikhonkco loShishino lwe-Ink esekwe emanzini

Amashishini aphezulu e-inki esekwe emanzini ikakhulu aquka ukuveliswa kunye nokunikezelwa kwezinto ezikrwada ezifana neentlaka, ii-pigments, kunye nezongezo. Kwizicelo ezisezantsi, i-inki esekwe emanzini isetyenziswa kakhulu ekupakisheni, ekushicileleni iincwadi, ekushicileleni izibhengezo zentengiso, nasekushicileleni impahla. Ngenxa yobuhlobo bendalo kunye nokusebenza kakuhle koshicilelo, ngokuthe ngcembe ithatha indawo yee-inki zemveli ezinyibilikayo, ibe lukhetho olubalulekileyo kushishino loshicilelo.

Imeko yangoku yeMarike ye-Inki esekwe ngaManzi yaseTshayina

Ngo-2022, imveliso iyonke yoshishino lwaseTshayina, oluchatshazelwa yimakethi ebuthathaka yokuthengisa izindlu kunye neempembelelo zobhubhane eziphindaphindayo kwimfuno yentengiso yabathengi, zirekhode umthamo opheleleyo weetoni ezizigidi ezingama-35.72, wehle nge-6% unyaka nonyaka. Nangona kunjalo, ngo-2021, ishishini lokushicilela libonise ukuchacha okupheleleyo kunye nokukhula. Ngaloo nyaka, ishishini laseTshayina lokushicilela nelokuvelisa—kuquka ushicilelo, ushicilelo olukhethekileyo, ukupakisha nokuhombisa, namanye amashishini okushicilela, kunye neenkonzo zokushicilela ezinxulumeneyo nokubonelela kunye neenkonzo zokuvelisa—liphumeze ingeniso yokusebenza ye-1.330138 yetriliyoni ye-RMB, ukwanda kwe-10.93% ukusuka kunyaka odlulileyo, nangona inzuzo iyonke yawela kwi-54.517 billion ye-RMB, i-1.77% yehla. Ngokubanzi, iindawo zaseTshayina zokufaka izicelo ezisezantsi ze-inki esekwe emanzini ziye zaphuhliswa ukuze zikhule kwaye ziphelele. Njengoko uqoqosho lwase China ngokuthe ngcembe luchacha kwaye lungena kumkhondo wokukhula oluzinzileyo emva kobhubhani, kulindeleke ukuba imfuno ye-inki esekwe kumanzi eco-friendly iya kunyuka kwaye yande. Ngo-2008, imveliso yonyaka yaseTshayina ye-inki esekwe emanzini yayiziitoni ezingama-79,700 kuphela; ngo-2013, eli nani liye lagqitha kakhulu kwiitoni ezingama-200,000; kwaye ngo-2022, imveliso iyonke yoshishino lwe-inki lwase-China olusekelwe emanzini lunyuke lwaya kutsho kwiitoni ezingama-396,900, kunye ne-inki yoshicilelo olusekwe kwigravure malunga ne-7.8%, ithatha isabelo esibalulekileyo semarike. Oku kubonisa ukukhula okukhawulezayo kunye nophuhliso loshishino lwe-inki lwase-China olusekelwe emanzini kule minyaka ilishumi idlulileyo. Ukhuphiswano lwangaphakathi kwishishini le-inki elisekelwe emanzini e-China libukhali, kunye neenkampani ezininzi, kubandakanywa amashishini anamandla anjenge-Bauhinia Ink, i-DIC Investment, i-Hanghua Ink, i-Guangdong Tianlong Technology, i-Zhuhai Letong Chemical, i-Guangdong Ink Group, kunye ne-Guangdong JiaJing Technology Co. , Ltd. Ezi nkampani azinabuchwephesha obuphambili kunye nobuchule be-R&D kodwa zikwasebenzisa uthungelwano lwazo olubanzi lweemarike kunye neenzuzo zetshaneli ukuze zithathe izabelo zemarike eziphezulu kwaye zinefuthe elibonakalayo kwimarike, zihlala zikhokela uphuhliso loshishino. Abanye abavelisi be-inki bamazwe ngamazwe abaziwayo be-inki basekwe ngamanzi bakhuphisana ngokukhutheleyo kwimarike yaseTshayina ngokusebenzisana ngokunzulu neenkampani zasekhaya okanye ngokuseka iziseko zemveliso e-China. Ngokucacileyo, phakathi kweenkampani ezihamba phambili ezikhankanyiweyo, ezinye ziye zidweliswe ngempumelelo, njengeLetong Co., Hanghua Co., kunye neQela leTianlong. Ngo-2022, i-Guangdong Tianlong Group iqhube kakuhle ngokwengeniso yokusebenza, idlula kakhulu iinkampani ezidwelisiweyo i-Letong Co. kunye ne-Hanghua Co.

Imigaqo-nkqubo kuShishino lwe-Ink olusekelwe kuManzi

Uphuhliso loshishino lwe-inki lwase-China olusekelwe emanzini lukhokelwa kakhulu kwaye luxhaswa yimigaqo-nkqubo kunye nemimiselo yelizwe. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, njengoko ilizwe libeka ugxininiso olukhulu kukhuseleko lokusingqongileyo kunye nezicwangciso zophuhliso oluzinzileyo kunye nokuqinisa ulawulo lwe-VOCs (i-volatile organic compounds) ukukhutshwa, urhulumente uye wazisa uluhlu lwamanyathelo omgaqo-nkqubo ojoliswe ekukhuthazeni ukuphuhliswa kwe-inki esekelwe emanzini. ishishini. Ngokwemigaqo-nkqubo yokusingqongileyo, imithetho kunye nemimiselo efana "noMthetho weRiphabhlikhi yaBantu baseChina malunga noThintelo kunye noLawulo loNgcoliseko lwe-Atmospheric" kunye "neSicwangciso sokuNcitshiswa kweSicwangciso sokuNcitshiswa kweShishini le-VOCs" sibeka iimfuno ezingqongqo zokukhutshwa kwe-VOCs ekushicileleni nasekupakisheni. ishishini. Oku kunyanzelisa iinkampani ezifanelekileyo ukuba zitshintshele kwiimveliso ze-inki ezihambelana nokusingqongileyo ezinokukhutshwa kwe-VOCs ephantsi okanye engekhoyo, efana ne-inki esekwe emanzini, ngokwenza njalo kudaleke indawo yemfuno yentengiso ebanzi kushishino.

Imicelimngeni kuShishino lwe-Inki olusekwe emanzini

Ngelixa ishishini le-inki elisekelwe emanzini lineenzuzo ezibalulekileyo ekukhuthazeni ukukhuselwa kwendalo kunye nophuhliso oluzinzileyo, likwajongene nemingeni emininzi. Ngokobuchwephesha, nangona i-inki esekwe emanzini inomsebenzi oncomekayo wokusingqongileyo, iimpawu zayo zemichiza engokwemvelo, ezifana nesantya esicothayo sokomisa, ukuguquguquka okungekuhle kwii-substrates zokushicilela, kunye neglosi esezantsi kunye nokumelana namanzi xa kuthelekiswa nee-inki ezinyibilikayo, kusafuna ukuphuculwa. Oku kunciphisa usetyenziso lwayo kwezinye iindawo zoshicilelo oluphezulu. Ukongeza, ngexesha lemveliso, imiba enjengolawulo lozinzo inokuvela, njengokumalekwa kunye nokudilizwa kwe-inki, ekufuneka iqwalaselwe ngokuphuculwa kwefomula, ukuphuculwa kwenkqubo, kunye nokulawulwa okuphuculweyo kunye nokugcinwa. Kwimarike, i-inki esekwe emanzini ineendleko eziphezulu kakhulu, ngakumbi utyalo-mali lwezixhobo zokuqala kunye neendleko zokuguqulwa kwetekhnoloji, ebangela ukuba amanye amashishini amancinci naphakathi alumke malunga nokwamkela i-inki esekwe emanzini ngenxa yoxinzelelo lwemali. Ngaphezu koko, ukuqondwa kunye nokwamkelwa kwe-inki esekwe emanzini ngabathengi kunye namashishini kufuneka kuphuculwe. Xa kulungelelaniswa izibonelelo zoqoqosho kunye neenzuzo zokusingqongileyo, iimeko zeendleko zinokuthi zibekwe phambili kwimpembelelo yokusingqongileyo.

Amathemba oShishino lwe-Ink olusekelwe kuManzi

Ishishini le-inki esekwe emanzini linekamva elithembisayo, elinentsingiselo yophuhliso elungileyo. Njengoko ulwazi lokusingqongileyo lwehlabathi luqhubeka nokukhula kwaye oorhulumente banyanzelisa imithetho engqongqo yokukhuselwa kokusingqongileyo, ngakumbi ukunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwe-VOCs, imfuno yentengiso ye-inki esekwe emanzini njengenye indlela eco-friendly kwii-inki zemveli ezisekwe kwi-solvent ikhula kakhulu. Kwimimandla efana nokupakishwa kokupakishwa, ushicilelo lweleyibhile, kunye noshicilelo loshicilelo, i-inki esekwe emanzini ithandwa ngenxa yeempawu zayo ezingeyotyhefu, ezingenavumba nezingangcolisekiyo ezihlangabezana neemfuno zokhuseleko lokutya. Inkqubela phambili yezobuchwephesha ngumqhubi ophambili wophuhliso lwe-inki esekelwe emanzini, kunye namaziko ophando kunye namashishini ngokuqhubekayo ekwandisa utyalo-mali lwawo kwi-teknoloji ye-inki esekelwe emanzini i-R&D, ejolise ekulungiseni iintsilelo ezikhoyo kwimveliso kwimozulu, isantya sokumisa, kunye nokubambelela ukuhlangabezana nokuphakama okuphezulu. -ukuphelisa iimfuno zemarike yoshicilelo. Kwixesha elizayo, ngokusetyenziswa kwezinto ezintsha kunye nobuchwepheshe, ukusebenza kwemveliso ye-inki esekwe emanzini kuya kuphucuka ngakumbi, okunokuthi kuthathelwe indawo iimveliso ze-inki zesintu kwiindawo ezininzi. Ukongezelela, kumxholo wenguqu yezoqoqosho eziluhlaza zehlabathi, iinkampani ezininzi zijolise kuxanduva lwentlalo kunye nophuhliso oluzinzileyo, ukukhetha izinto ezihambelana nokusingqongileyo kwimveliso. Ishishini le-inki esekwe emanzini ke ngoko lijongene namathuba ophuhliso angazange abonwe ngaphambili, ngakumbi kumacandelo afana nokupakishwa kokutya, iithoyi zabantwana, kunye nopakisho lwemveliso yemichiza yemihla ngemihla, apho imfuno yentengiso iya kuqhubeka ukwanda. Isishwankathelo, ubungakanani bemarike yoshishino lwe-inki esekwe emanzini kulindeleke ukuba buqhubeleke bukhula, buqhutywa ngumgaqo-nkqubo kunye nokuveliswa kwezinto ezintsha zobuchwepheshe, ukufikelela kulwakhiwo lwemizi-mveliso kunye nokuphucula, kunye nokuhambela phambili ngokuthe ngcembe kumgangatho ophezulu kunye nokhuseleko lokusingqongileyo oluluhlaza. Ukudityaniswa okunzulu kweemarike zasekhaya nezamazwe ngamazwe, kunye nokwanda kwemfuno yabathengi yeemveliso eziprintiweyo eziluhlaza, kuya kuzisa indawo yentengiso ebanzi kunye namandla ophuhliso kushishino lwe-inki olusekwe emanzini.